Data provenance: Reference PM2.5/PM10 values are real hourly measurements from the Open-Meteo air-quality API for coordinates lat −1.431349, lng 36.961717 (Athi River). These serve as the "reference instrument" in this demo. Cheap-sensor readings are mathematically simulated on top of this real data using documented PMS5003/PMS7003 error models (humidity cross-sensitivity, drift, noise). The AI correction model is a RandomForest trained on a chronological 70/30 split.
Module A — AI Sensor Calibration: PM2.5
Test-set metrics (last 30 % of 6-day window). Lower RMSE = less error.
Raw RMSE (uncalibrated)
8.719 µg/m³
Calibrated RMSE (AI)
2.005 µg/m³
Error Reduction
77.0%
Chart legend: ■Reference instrument – –Raw sensor (biased) ■ AI-calibrated output. Dashed vertical line marks the calibration → test period boundary.
Compliance — PM2.5 (AI-calibrated, latest reading)
Within Limit
NEMA permit limit for this facility: 35 µg/m³
9.72
µg/m³
Limit: 35 µg/m³